Field notes & technical writing

The Tienstra method is one of the most elegant solutions in surveying mathematics — but it carries a geometric trap that has caused field problems for generations of surveyors. Understanding the danger circle is not optional.

A technical look at Inertial Surveying Systems, including the use of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and the critical Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) procedure.

A comprehensive guide to the safety requirements, hazard classifications, and professional responsibilities when using lasers for setting out and alignment.

A technical guide to calculating the direction and rate of full dip from apparent dip observations on tilted stratum planes.

A technical look at how RTK GPS and digital ground models are used to automate earthmoving machinery, eliminating the need for traditional setting-out stakes.

A technical guide to calculating spherical excess and adjusting angular observations in primary triangulation networks where the Earth's curvature cannot be ignored.

A deep dive into the WGS84 reference system, geodetic coordinates, and the formulas required to project a curved Earth onto a flat engineering site grid.

A technical guide to RTK GPS procedures, mobile data communication requirements, and real-time ambiguity resolution for engineering site work.

A technical exploration of tacheometry theory and formulas for determining distances and elevations using a theodolite and stadia hair readings.